Court

Ninth Arbitrazh Appeal Court ruling of 16.12.2015 (MAXIMUS)

Document details
CaseMAXIMUS trademark dispute — Арбитраж · 2015–2016
Date
Document typeCourt decision
InstanceAppeal
CourtДевятый арбитражный апелляционный суд
Case no.А40-84478/2015
Pages3
SourceМатериалы дела
Added08.10.2026

This material has been redacted to protect personal data: names of all persons (except the surname Artsinovich), case and act numbers, signatures, seals and identifiers are hidden and cannot be recovered from the image or text.

Ninth Arbitrazh Appeal Court ruling of 16.12.2015 (MAXIMUS) — Page 1

Text version

Unofficial translation.

Judgment of the Ninth Arbitrazh Court of Appeal of 16 December 2015, case No. A40-84478/15 (MAXIMUS trademark)

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[Document No. 659/2015-249442(2)]

NINTH ARBITRAZH COURT OF APPEAL
127994, Moscow, GSP-4, Proezd Solomennoy Storozhki 12
e-mail: info@mail.9aac.ru — website: http://www.9aas.arbitr.ru

JUDGMENT No. 09AP-52586/2015-GK

City of Moscow — 16 December 2015 — Case No. A40-84478/15

The operative part of the judgment was announced on 9 December 2015. The judgment was drawn up in full on 16 December 2015.

The Ninth Arbitrazh Court of Appeal, composed of presiding judge D. N. Sadikova and judges N. V. Lavretskaya and N. I. Levchenko, with the record of the hearing kept by clerk I. V. Fomin, having examined in open court the appeal of individual entrepreneur M. A. Artsinovich against the decision of the Arbitrazh Court of the City of Moscow of 16 September 2015 in case No. A40-84478/15, adopted by Judge O. V. Kozlenkova, on the claim of individual entrepreneur M. A. Artsinovich (entrepreneur registration number 3147746104011561) against D. O. Pogozhev and the limited liability company "MAXI FON" (main state registration number 5137746238493), third party: ZAO "RSITs", for the protection of exclusive rights,

with the participation at the hearing of: for the claimant — K. S. Mityagin (by power of attorney of 13.02.2015); for the respondents — for OOO "MAXI FON": T. V. Grigorieva (by power of attorney of 01.06.2015) and A. S. Mileshin (by power of attorney of 14.09.2015),

HAS ESTABLISHED:

Individual entrepreneur M. A. Artsinovich applied to the Arbitrazh Court of the City of Moscow with a statement of claim against D. O. Pogozhev and the limited liability company "MAXI FON" for the protection of exclusive rights to a trademark.

ZAO "RSITs" was joined to the case as a third party not making independent claims in respect of the subject matter of the dispute.

Under Article 49 of the APC RF the claimant withdrew the claims against Dmitry Olegovich Pogozhev, which the court accepted. The proceedings in that part were terminated.

By decision of the Arbitrazh Court of the City of Moscow of 22 May 2015 the claim was dismissed in its entirety.

[Translator's note: the date "22 May 2015" appears as such in the original; from the case file it is the decision of 16 September 2015 that is meant.]

Disagreeing with that judicial act, the claimant lodged an appeal in which he sought the setting aside of the decision and the adoption of a new judicial act granting the claims. The appellant stated that the court's conclusion that the respondent does not carry on activities involving the provision of services in class 35 of the Nice Classification contradicts the case file. In addition, the court incorrectly applied the rules of substantive law.

At the hearing of the appeal court the appellant maintained the arguments of the appeal and sought the setting aside of the court's decision and the granting of the claims.

The respondent, OOO "MAXI FON", objected to the arguments of the appeal and sought the upholding of the court's decision and the dismissal of the appeal.

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In accordance with Articles 123 and 156 of the Arbitrazh Procedure Code of the Russian Federation, the appeal was examined in the absence of the third party, duly notified of the time and place of the hearing.

The Ninth Arbitrazh Court of Appeal, having verified, in accordance with Article 266 and Article 268(5) of the Arbitrazh Procedure Code of the Russian Federation, the lawfulness and soundness of the decision adopted in the case in the part appealed against, having examined the case file, having examined and assessed the evidence available in the case, having heard the representatives of the parties and discussed the arguments of the appeal, finds no grounds for setting aside the court's decision.

As is apparent from the case file, the claimant is the holder of the trademark MAXIMUS under Russian Federation certificate No. 267434, registration date 20.04.2004, in respect of services in the following classes of the Nice Classification: 35 — promotion of goods (for third parties); procurement services for third parties (purchase of goods and services for undertakings); 42 — artistic design; designers' services in the field of packaging.

The claimant considers that this domain name is confusingly similar to the claimant's trademark and that the designation maximus is used by the respondent in respect of services similar to those for the individualisation of which the claimant's trademark is registered. In particular, the domain name is used for the promotion of goods (for third parties).

In support of the claim the claimant stated that the administrator (owner) of the domain maximus.ru, whose acts display the features of unfair competition and infringe the claimant's exclusive right to the trademark MAXIMUS, is OOO "MAXI FON". The registrar of those domains is ZAO "Regional Network Information Centre". Through that domain name the respondent offers various goods for sale, that is to say, carries on commercial activity for profit. The claimant states that the domain name maximus.ru is confusingly similar to the trademark MAXIMUS.

Objecting to the claim, the respondent stated that it is the holder of a trademark under Russian Federation certificate No. 248262, application filing date 11.09.2002, registration date 05.06.2003, including in respect of services in class 35 of the Nice Classification: advertising; business management; business administration; office functions.

OOO "MAXI FON" is one of the companies forming part of the "Maximus" group of companies. The main activity of OOO "MAXI FON" is the wholesale trade in electrical goods and household electrical installation products, as well as activities in the field of telephone communications and documentary telecommunications. For the purposes of distance selling through an online shop, D. O. Pogozhev, who is one of the directors of the "Maximus" group of companies, applied to ZAO "RSITs" for the transfer of the rights to the second-level domain name maximus.ru to OOO "MAXI FON".

Under Article 1229 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, a citizen or legal person holding the exclusive right to a result of intellectual activity or to a means of individualisation (the right holder) is entitled to use such result or such means at its discretion by any means not contrary to law. The right holder may dispose of the exclusive right to a result of intellectual activity, unless otherwise provided by that Code.

The right holder may at its discretion permit or prohibit the use by other persons of the result of intellectual activity or of the means of individualisation. The absence of a prohibition is not deemed to be consent (permission).

Other persons may not use the relevant result of intellectual activity or means of individualisation without the right holder's consent, except in the cases provided for by that Code. The use of a result of intellectual activity or of a means of individualisation (including their use by the methods provided for by that Code), where such use is carried out without the right holder's consent, is unlawful and entails the liability established by that Code and by other laws, except where the use of a result of intellectual activity or of a means of individualisation by persons other than the right holder, without its consent, is permitted by that Code.

Under Article 1484 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, the person in whose name a trademark is registered (the right holder) holds the exclusive right to use the trademark in accordance with Article 1229 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation by any means not contrary to law (the exclusive right to a trademark). The right holder may dispose of the exclusive right to the trademark.

The exclusive right to a trademark may be exercised for the individualisation of goods, works or services in respect of which the trademark is registered, in particular by placing the trademark:

  1. on goods, including on labels and packaging of goods that are produced, offered for sale, sold, displayed at exhibitions and fairs or otherwise placed in civil circulation on the territory of the Russian Federation, or are stored or transported for that purpose, or are imported into the territory of the Russian Federation;

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  1. in the performance of works or the provision of services;
  2. on documentation connected with placing goods in civil circulation;
  3. in offers for the sale of goods, the performance of works or the provision of services, as well as in announcements, on signboards and in advertising;
  4. on the Internet, including in a domain name and in other means of addressing.

Within the meaning of that rule, the verbal mention of another's trademark does not constitute use of that mark if it does not give rise to confusion between the products of the claimant and of the respondent.

Under Article 65(1) of the APC RF, each person participating in a case must prove the circumstances on which it relies as the basis of its claims and objections.

In dismissing the claims, the court of first instance rightly stated that the registered domain name maximus.ru is a reproduction in Latin letters of the designation "Максимус" — the verbal element of combined trademark No. 248262, registered earlier than the registration date of the claimant's trademark "MAXIMUS" under certificate No. 267434 — and that the respondent therefore uses its own trademark, which has an earlier priority (registration) date than the claimant's trademark.

In addition, as is apparent from the case file, the claimant's trademark is registered for services in class 35 — promotion of goods (for third parties) — whereas the respondent's trademark is registered in respect of services in class 35 of the Nice Classification (advertising). The judicial panel, having assessed the evidence submitted to the case file in accordance with Article 71 of the APC RF, considers that no evidence has been submitted to the case file of the respondent's use of the claimant's trademark by placing it in the domain name maximus.ru for the provision of class 35 services (promotion of goods (for third parties); procurement services for third parties (purchase of goods and services for undertakings)).

In addition, the court of first instance rightly stated that the respondent's application for the partial early termination of the legal protection of the trademark with the verbal designation "MAXIMUS" under Russian Federation certificate No. 267434 on account of its non-use, which the respondent sent to the Intellectual Property Court, cannot be assessed as admissible evidence, since it was made in the framework of another case in the course of its examination by the Intellectual Property Court.

The arguments of the appeal cannot serve as grounds for setting aside the judicial act adopted, since the respondent has confirmed its right and its priority in using the trademark under certificate No. 267434.

[Translator's note: the certificate number in this sentence is given in the original as No. 267434; from the context the respondent's trademark under certificate No. 248262 is meant.]

In resolving the dispute, the court correctly determined the legally significant circumstances, gave a legal assessment of the circumstances established and issued a lawful and well-founded decision. The court's conclusions correspond to the circumstances of the case. The court committed no breaches of the rules of procedural law entailing the setting aside of the decision.

In view of the foregoing, the appellate instance has no grounds under Article 270 of the Arbitrazh Procedure Code of the Russian Federation for setting aside the court's decision and granting the appeal.

The legal costs are allocated between the parties in accordance with Article 110 of the Arbitrazh Procedure Code of the Russian Federation and Chapter 25.3 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation.

Guided by Articles 176, 266–268, Article 269(1) and Article 271 of the Arbitrazh Procedure Code of the Russian Federation, the court

HAS RULED:

To uphold the decision of the Arbitrazh Court of the City of Moscow of 16 September 2015 in case No. A40-84478/15 and to dismiss the appeal.

The judgment enters into legal force on the day of its adoption and may be appealed against within two months of the day on which it is drawn up in full to the Intellectual Property Court.

Presiding judge